Reference

HTML entities.

Named and numbered codes for the special characters you can't just type — tap any row to copy the entity.

Tap any row to copy the value in the first column.

Punctuation & common

SymbolNamedNumberedDescription
&&&Ampersand
<&lt;&#60;Less-than sign
>&gt;&#62;Greater-than sign
"&quot;&#34;Double quotation mark
'&apos;&#39;Apostrophe / single quote
&nbsp;&#160;Non-breaking space
&ndash;&#8211;En dash
&mdash;&#8212;Em dash
&hellip;&#8230;Horizontal ellipsis
&bull;&#8226;Bullet
·&middot;&#183;Middle dot
§&sect;&#167;Section sign
&para;&#182;Paragraph (pilcrow)
&dagger;&#8224;Dagger

Symbols & legal

SymbolNamedNumberedDescription
©&copy;&#169;Copyright
®&reg;&#174;Registered trademark
&trade;&#8482;Trademark
°&deg;&#176;Degree
&prime;&#8242;Prime (minutes, feet)
&Prime;&#8243;Double prime (seconds, inches)
µ&micro;&#181;Micro sign

Currency

SymbolNamedNumberedDescription
¢&cent;&#162;Cent
£&pound;&#163;Pound sterling
&euro;&#8364;Euro
¥&yen;&#165;Yen / yuan

Math & arrows

SymbolNamedNumberedDescription
×&times;&#215;Multiplication
÷&divide;&#247;Division
±&plusmn;&#177;Plus-minus
&le;&#8804;Less than or equal
&ge;&#8805;Greater than or equal
&ne;&#8800;Not equal
&asymp;&#8776;Approximately equal
&infin;&#8734;Infinity
½&frac12;&#189;One half
¼&frac14;&#188;One quarter
&larr;&#8592;Left arrow
&rarr;&#8594;Right arrow
&uarr;&#8593;Up arrow
&darr;&#8595;Down arrow
&harr;&#8596;Left-right arrow

Smart quotes

SymbolNamedNumberedDescription
&ldquo;&#8220;Left double quote
&rdquo;&#8221;Right double quote
&lsquo;&#8216;Left single quote
&rsquo;&#8217;Right single quote
«&laquo;&#171;Left angle quote
»&raquo;&#187;Right angle quote
Tapping a row copies the named entity (e.g. ©). The numbered version (©) works identically and is safer for characters without a named entity.

Why entities exist

Some characters can't be written directly in HTML because they mean something to the markup itself. The clearest example is < — type a literal less-than sign and the browser thinks a tag is starting. Entities are the escape hatch: &lt; renders as a visible < without breaking anything. The same goes for the ampersand, the greater-than sign and quotes inside attributes. Beyond those required four, entities also let you insert symbols that aren't on the keyboard — copyright, em dashes, arrows, currency and accented letters.

Named vs numbered

Every entity has two forms: a named one like &copy; that's easy to read, and a numbered one like &#169; that works for any Unicode character. Named entities are nicer to write but only exist for a limited set; numbered entities cover everything. For modern pages saved as UTF-8 you can often just paste the real character, but entities remain the safe, unambiguous choice — especially for the reserved characters, which you should always escape. To convert formatted text to HTML, try the Markdown to HTML tool.

FAQ

Which characters must I escape in HTML?
At minimum the ampersand (&), less-than (<) and greater-than (>). Inside attribute values you should also escape double quotes (") and sometimes single quotes ('). Everything else is optional but can improve reliability.
Should I use named or numbered entities?
Named entities are more readable; numbered entities work for any character, including those without a name. Both render identically — pick whichever is clearer, but always escape the reserved characters.

More references