Keyboard Cheatsheet

Mac, Windows & Linux keyboard shortcuts.

Every shortcut worth knowing, in one place. Switch platform, search, and tap any row to copy the combo.

Essentials
Copy+CCtrl+CCtrl+C
Cut+XCtrl+XCtrl+X
Paste+VCtrl+VCtrl+V
Paste without formatting++VCtrl+Shift+VCtrl+Shift+V
Undo+ZCtrl+ZCtrl+Z
Redo++ZCtrl+YCtrl+Y
Select all+ACtrl+ACtrl+A
Save+SCtrl+SCtrl+S
Find+FCtrl+FCtrl+F
Print+PCtrl+PCtrl+P
Text editing
Bold+BCtrl+BCtrl+B
Italic+ICtrl+ICtrl+I
Underline+UCtrl+UCtrl+U
Move by word+←/→Ctrl+←/→Ctrl+←/→
Delete previous word+Ctrl+Ctrl+
Select to line start/end++←/→Shift+Home/EndShift+Home/End
Jump to line start/end+←/→Home/EndHome/End
Jump to top/bottom+↑/↓Ctrl+Home/EndCtrl+Home/End
Browser & tabs
New tab+TCtrl+TCtrl+T
Close tab+WCtrl+WCtrl+W
Reopen closed tab++TCtrl+Shift+TCtrl+Shift+T
Next / previous tab+TabCtrl+TabCtrl+Tab
Focus address bar+LCtrl+LCtrl+L
Reload page+RCtrl+RCtrl+R
Hard reload++RCtrl+Shift+RCtrl+Shift+R
Private / incognito++NCtrl+Shift+NCtrl+Shift+N
Zoom in / out++/−Ctrl++/−Ctrl++/−
Bookmark page+DCtrl+DCtrl+D
Window & desktop
Switch apps+TabAlt+TabAlt+Tab
Spotlight / Search / Activities+Space+SSuper
Minimize window+M+Super+H
New window+NCtrl+NCtrl+N
Snap left / rightfn++←/→+←/→Super+←/→
Show desktopfn+F11+DSuper+D
Mission Control / Task view++TabSuper
Force quit / Task manager++EscCtrl+Shift+Esc
Lock screen++Q+LSuper+L
Switch workspace+←/→+Ctrl+←/→Ctrl++←/→
Open terminalCtrl++T
Capture & system
Screenshot full screen++3+PrtScPrtSc
Screenshot area++4++S+PrtSc
Screen recording tools++5+GCtrl+++R
Emoji picker++Space+.Ctrl+.
Clipboard history+V
Settings+,+I
Most Linux shortcuts match Windows (both use Ctrl) — the real differences are in window management, shown above. Values assume a typical GNOME desktop (the “Super” key is the Windows/⊞ key) and vary by distribution and desktop environment.

Why keyboard shortcuts are worth the effort

The gap between someone who feels fast at a computer and someone who doesn't is rarely typing speed — it's how often their hands leave the keyboard. Every time you reach for the mouse to copy text, switch windows or find a menu item, you pay a small tax in time and focus. Individually those moments are tiny, but across a day of real work they add up to a surprising amount, and the constant context-switching between keyboard and mouse quietly breaks your concentration. Learning even a dozen shortcuts well is one of the highest-return habits available to anyone who works at a screen, because you use them hundreds of times a day for years.

Start with the universal ones

The good news is that the most valuable shortcuts are nearly identical across every program. Copy, cut and paste (Ctrl/⌘ + C, X, V), undo and redo (Ctrl/⌘ + Z and Shift + Z or Y), select all (Ctrl/⌘ + A), save (Ctrl/⌘ + S) and find (Ctrl/⌘ + F) work in your browser, your editor, your email and almost everything else. If you only ever internalise these, you've already eliminated most of your mouse trips. The single biggest pattern to remember: on a Mac the Command (⌘) key plays the role that Ctrl plays on Windows and Linux, so most "Ctrl + key" shortcuts become "⌘ + key" when you move to macOS.

Then layer in window and tab management

Once the basics are automatic, the next tier pays off the most: moving between things. Switching apps (⌘ + Tab on Mac, Alt + Tab on Windows), cycling browser tabs (Ctrl + Tab), reopening a tab you just closed (Ctrl/⌘ + Shift + T) and snapping or arranging windows are the shortcuts that change how it feels to juggle several things at once. Taking a screenshot is another everyday win that almost nobody does by keyboard until they learn it — ⌘ + Shift + 4 on Mac, ⊞ + Shift + S on Windows.

How to actually remember them

Don't try to memorise a whole table at once. Pick three or four shortcuts you know you'd use today, force yourself to use them instead of the mouse even when it feels slower, and let them become muscle memory over a few days before adding more. Keep this page open and search it (press /) the moment you catch yourself reaching for the mouse — within a couple of weeks the ones that matter for your work will stick. Working in a specific app? Jump to the VS Code, Excel, Word, Chrome or Gmail cheatsheets, or see the dedicated Mac and Windows lists.

Shortcuts by app

Shortcuts by platform

FAQ

How do I take a screenshot on Mac and Windows?
On Mac press Command + Shift + 4 for an area or Command + Shift + 3 for full screen. On Windows press Windows + Shift + S for an area or Windows + PrtSc for full screen.
How do I switch between open apps?
Hold Command + Tab on Mac or Alt + Tab on Windows, then tap Tab to cycle.
How do I reopen a closed tab?
Press Command + Shift + T on Mac or Ctrl + Shift + T on Windows.