Roman Numerals Chart — Symbols, 1–1000 & Years

Roman numerals.

The seven symbols and how they combine — with charts for 1–1000 and common years.

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Tap any row to copy the value in the first column.

The seven symbols

Symbol	Value
I	1
V	5
X	10
L	50
C	100
D	500
M	1000

1 to 20

Roman	Number
I	1
II	2
III	3
IV	4
V	5
VI	6
VII	7
VIII	8
IX	9
X	10
XI	11
XII	12
XIII	13
XIV	14
XV	15
XVI	16
XVII	17
XVIII	18
XIX	19
XX	20

Tens (10–100)

Roman	Number
X	10
XX	20
XXX	30
XL	40
L	50
LX	60
LXX	70
LXXX	80
XC	90
C	100

Hundreds (100–1000)

Roman	Number
C	100
CC	200
CCC	300
CD	400
D	500
DC	600
DCC	700
DCCC	800
CM	900
M	1000

Years & large numbers

Roman	Number
MM	2000
MMM	3000
MMXXV	2025
MMXXVI	2026
MCMXCIX	1999
MCMLXXXIV	1984
MMXIV	2014

How Roman numerals work

Roman numerals build numbers from seven letters — I, V, X, L, C, D, M — mostly by adding them up left to right, so XVII is 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 17. The twist is subtractive notation: when a smaller symbol sits before a larger one, you subtract it, which is why 4 is IV (5 − 1) rather than IIII, 9 is IX, 40 is XL and 90 is XC. Only six subtractive pairs are valid (IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, CM), and a symbol repeats at most three times in a row. There's no zero and no fractions in the standard system. You'll still see them on clock faces, in book chapters, in movie copyright years and on Super Bowls — reading a year is just a matter of breaking it into thousands, hundreds, tens and ones. To spell numbers out loud instead, see the NATO phonetic alphabet.

FAQ

How do you write 4 in Roman numerals?

IV — five (V) minus one (I). This is subtractive notation, where a smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted. The older additive form IIII appears on some clock faces but IV is standard.

What is the largest number in standard Roman numerals?

Using the seven standard symbols, 3999 (MMMCMXCIX), because a symbol repeats at most three times and there's no symbol above M for everyday use. Larger numbers need an overline notation that multiplies by 1000.